Chemistry II- Science-Hsc
Important Points to study-Maharashtra
Board
Chapter-8 s-and
p- block elements
1. Position
in periodic table(d and f),
electronic configuraTion of elements
and ions
2. Trends
in properTies- formation of
complexes, as catalyst ,
colour and magnetic properties
3. Potassium
dichromate and permanganate.
4. Structures
of-chromate, dichromate, manganate
and permanganate
5. K2Cr2O7
andKMnO4 – many reactions
6. Lanthanoid
contraction, cause,effect- chemical twins
7. Comparision
bet lanthanoids and acticnoids
8. No
diagrams
Chapter-9-
Coordination compound
1. DefiniTions
2.
Theories- bonding in coordinaTion
compounds Werner, Sidwick, Valence
bond, Crystal field,
and applicaTions of coord.
Compounds
3. Nomenclature
system, isomerism
4. ClassificaTion
of ligands and complexes
5. Structures
of complexes, magneTic properTies
6. Colours
of complexes, stabilty,electrochemical series
Chapter-10-Halgogen
derivaTives of alkanes and
arenes
-
ClassificaTion, nomenclature system-structure names
- Reactions-Prep./
Properties-Finkelstein, Swarts, G.R.,
Williamson’s, Mrkwnikof’s rule,
Wurtz, Sandmeyer, Wurtz- Fittig.
OpTical aticvity, R and
S configuraTion
- Mechanism-SN1,
SN2
- Resonating
structures-chlorobenzene, o-nitro chlorobenzene,
p-nitro chlorobenzene
- Uses
Chapter-11
Alcohols, phenols and ethers
1.
Alcohols-classificaTion, nomenclature(ending-
ol), prep.-hydrolysis, hydraTion and
hydroboraTion (alkenes), reducTion(c=o),
G.R. , properTies- sodium, esterificaTion,
HX, oxidaTion
2. Phenols-classificaTion,
nomenclature, prep, prop- Kolbe’s,
Riemer-Tiemann reacTions,distinguishing
test
3. Ethers-classificaTion,
nomenclature-alkoxy derivaTives of higher
alkanes,prep,properTies
4. Mechanism-
hydraTion of alkene and acTion
of HI on alcohols
5. Resonating
structures-phenol and phenoxide ion
Chapter-12
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic
acids
1. Aldehydes
ending ‘al’ ketones ‘one’
2. Prep-
oxidaTion of
alcohols,hydrolysis-geminal dihalides, hydraTion
of alkynes, from Ca
salts of fatty acids, alkyl
nitrile-Stephen reacTion, from esters,
nitrile and GR, Etard
reacTion-alkyl benzene, Gatterman-Koch
reacTion- from benzene, Friedel
Crafts reacTion, Rosenmund reducTion
of acyl chloride
3.
ProperTies- AddiTion reacTions-HCN,
NaHSO3, alcoholNH3 and its
derivaTives.
4. ReducTion-
Clemmensen, Wolf- Kishner and with
Mg – pinacol formaTion
5. Oxidation
of ald. Fehlings
soluTion,Tollens reagent,Schif’s base
6. Halform,
aldol condensaTion,
crossed aldol,Cannizzaro’s,Crossed Cannizzaro’s,nitraTion
of aromaTic ald./ ket
7.
Carboxylic acid- ClassificaTion, nomenclature-ending
‘oic acid’
8. Prep-
oxid of- alc and alkyl
benzene, dry ice and G.R.,
hyd of- cyanides/acyl
chloride/acid anhydride/esters
9.
Prop- ReacTions with Na,
NaOH,Na2CO3, NaHCO3,alc, reducTion
,decarboxylaTion, alpha halgenaTion
(Hell- Vohlard-
Zelinsky reacTion),nitraTion of aryl
acids at m-posiTion,FormaTion
of anhydride, amide
10.
Acidity-Carboxylic acids phenols
11.
InducTive effect -electron releasing
gr decreases acid strength,
electron withdrawing increases acid
strength. SubstituTion at
alpha-more effecTive
12. Mechanism-
formaTion of ester in
acid/base medium
13.
Resonating structures- carboxylate ion
and acid
Chapter-13
Compounds containing nitrogen
1.
Nitro compounds- prep, prop- tautomerism
(nitro and isonitroform in
presence of base) Nef
carbonyl synthesis(formaTion of
ald/ket)
2. Amines-
classificaTion-1,2,3 degree,
nomenclature ending’amine’. Prep-
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann
bromamide degradaTion. Prop-
basic nature, reacTion- nitrous
acid,acylaTion, Hofmann’s-exhausTive alkylaTion/carbyl
amine test/eliminaTion, Hinsberg’s
test,aryl amines- brominaTion,
nitraTion,sulphonaTion
3. Resonating
structure- aniline,arene benzene diazonium
ion
4. Diazonium
salts prep, prop- Sandmeyer,
Gaqermann, Balz- Schiemann reacTions,
azo- coupling
Chapter-14
Biomolecules
-
Carbohydrates-classificaTion, prep,prop, ring structures
of glucose, fructose,
sucrose, maltose, cellobiose,
lactose, starch, cellulose
and glycogen.
- Proteins- classificaTion- alpha
amino acids and proteins;
peptide linkage,structure of
proteins
- Enzymes,Lipids- classificaTion and
funcTions
- Hormones,Vitamins-classificaTion, examples
- Nucleic acids- RNA,DNA,
bases, nucleoside,nucleotide.
Chapter-15
Polymers
1.
ClassificaTion based on- source,
structure,polymerisaTion process, molecular
forces, growth polymerisaTion
2.
Chain growth(addiTion)-mechanism of free radical
polymerisaTion, prep of low
density polymer(LDPE), HDPE,
polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/orlon, teflon(PTFE)
3. Step
growth(condensaTion)-Nylon-6,6; nylon-6,terylene/
polyester/dacron, novolac, bakelite(formaldehyde-
phenol), urea formaldehyde, melamine
4.
Natural rubber cis-1,4-polyisoprene,
Guqa- percha-trans isomer,
vulcanizaTion of rubber.
5.
SyntheTic rubbers- Buna-S/ styrene butadiene rubber(SBR),
Buna-N(acrylo nitrile
and1,3- butadiene,
Neoprene(2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene), Butyl
rubber(isobutylene and isoprene)
6. Biodegradable
polymers-PHBV(polyhydroxy butyrate-co-beta- hydroxy
valerate) from 3- hydroxy
butanoic and 3-pentanoic
acids, Dextron(lactic and glycollic
acids),Nylon-2- nylon-6(glycine and -E
amino caproic acid)
Chapter-16
Chemistry in everyday life
1.
ClassificaTion of drugs , acTion
of drugs on targets
2. Chemicals
in medicines- analgesics-prep
of aspirin, tranquilizers,
antimicrobials(antibioTics and antisepTics,
antifertility drugs, antacids
and antihistamines
3. Chemicals
in food- physical and
chemical methods, artificial sweetening agents,antioxidents
4. Cleansing
agents- soaps and detergents
